Enteral drug administration is the process of giving medications or nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Several ways can be used to do this, such as by mouth, sublingually, buccally, rectally, nasogastric tube, or gastrostomy tube.
Most enteral drugs are taken by mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the GI tract. This is the most common and easiest way to give a drug. For the sublingual and buccal routes, you put the medicine under your tongue or against your cheek and let it dissolve and get absorbed through the oral mucosa.
With rectal administration, the medicine is put into the rectum, where it is absorbed by the mucosa of the rectum. Nasogastric or gastrostomy tube administration is when the medicine is put into the stomach or intestines through the nose or mouth using a tube.
Here are the factors that can affect enteral route of drug administration that you need to remember. This can be easily memorised through a mnemonic
Factors That Can Affect Enteral Drug Administration (Mnemonics) :
- Co-administration of other medications or supplements
- Route of administration (e.g., oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal)
- Age and weight
- Medical conditions (e.g., liver or kidney disease, malabsorption syndromes)
- Presence of gastric acid or other GI fluids that may affect drug absorption
- Gastrointestinal (GI) tract function
- Dosage form and formulation (e.g., tablet, capsule, liquid)
- Food and drug interactions
- Drug solubility and permeability in the GI tract
- First-pass metabolism in the liver.
Mnemonic: CRAMP is GooD For Death by Fatigue