Rhabdomyolysis⚡Mnemonic⚡ : 100% Chance You Won’t Forget !

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “ELEPHANT”
  • E – Excessive exercise
  • L – Leg trauma
  • E – Electrolyte disorders
  • P – Prolonged immobility
  • H – Hyperthermia
  • A – Alcohol abuse
  • N – Neuroleptic medications
  • T – Toxins (e.g., snake venom)

Triggers for Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “TIGERS”
  • T – Trauma
  • I – Infections
  • G – Genetic disorders
  • E – Extreme body temperatures
  • R – Rhabdovirus
  • S – Seizures

Risk Factors for Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “MONKEYS”
  • M – Muscle exertion, extreme
  • O – Obesity
  • N – Neuromuscular disorders
  • K – Kidney disease
  • E – Electrolyte imbalance
  • Y – Young age with strenuous activity
  • S – Statin medications

Warning Signs of Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “PANDA”
  • P – Pain in muscles
  • A – Agitation
  • N – Nausea
  • D – Dark urine
  • A – Absence of urine output

Predisposing Factors of Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “LION”
  • L – Long periods of immobility
  • I – Illicit drug use (e.g., cocaine)
  • O – Overexertion
  • N – Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Signs & Symptoms of Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “RHINO”
  • R – Red or brown urine
  • H – Hyperkalemia
  • I – Increased muscle pain
  • N – Nausea
  • O – Overall weakness

Characteristic Findings In Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “ZEBRA”
  • Z – Zonked (extreme fatigue)
  • E – Elevated creatine kinase
  • B – Brownish urine
  • R – Renal failure
  • A – Arrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalances

Clinical Features of Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “FALCON”
  • F – Fever
  • A – Arrhythmias
  • L – Lethargy
  • C – Confusion
  • O – Oliguria (low urine output)
  • N – Nausea

What Should Be Avoided In Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “PARROT”
  • P – Prolonged exercise
  • A – Alcohol
  • R – Running marathons without training
  • R – Recreational drug use
  • O – Overhydration
  • T – Taking unprescribed medications

Drugs Used To Treat Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “DOVE”
  • D – Diuretics (to prevent kidney damage)
  • O – Osmotic diuretics (to flush out myoglobin)
  • V – IV fluids (for rehydration and renal protection)
  • E – Electrolyte supplements (to correct imbalances)

Drugs To Avoid In Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “SNAKE”
  • S – Statins
  • N – Neuroleptic drugs
  • A – Antidepressants (certain types)
  • K – Ketamine
  • E – Ephedra-containing supplements

Radiological Features of Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “OWL”
  • O – Opaque muscle tissues on MRI
  • W – Widespread muscle swelling on ultrasound
  • L – Loss of normal muscle definition

Diagnostic Tests for Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “BATS”
  • B – Blood tests (e.g., CK, potassium levels)
  • A – Arterial blood gases
  • T – Tissue biopsy (rarely)
  • S – Serum myoglobin test

Laboratory Findings In Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “CRAB”
  • C – Creatine kinase elevation
  • R – Renal function impairment indicators
  • A – Acidosis (metabolic)
  • B – Blood urea nitrogen increase

Complications of Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “HAWK”
  • H – Hyperkalemia
  • A – Acute renal failure
  • W – Widespread muscular damage
  • K – Kidney stones (from myoglobin)

Differential Diagnosis of Rhabdomyolysis

• Mnemonic: “FOX”
  • F – Fibromyalgia
  • O – Osteomyelitis
  • X – X-linked muscular dystrophy