Hyperemesis Gravidarum⚡Mnemonic⚡ : 100% Chance You Won’t Forget !

Causes of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: HORMONAL

H – hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) increase

O – Ovarian factors (like hyperthyroidism)

R – Rising estrogen levels

M – Multiple pregnancies (higher risk)

O – Overweight or obesity

N – Nutritional factors

A – Anxiety or stress

L – Lifestyle factors

Triggers for Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: TRIGGER

T – Twin or multiple pregnancy

R – Rapid rise in hormone levels

I – Inherited genetic factors

G – Gastrointestinal sensitivity

G – Gestational trophoblastic disease (like molar pregnancy)

E – Emotional stress

R – Rich or fatty foods

Risk Factors For Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: RISK

R – Relatives who had Hyperemesis Gravidarum

I – In twin or higher order multiple pregnancies

S – Stress, both physical and emotional

K – Known history of HG in previous pregnancies

Warning Signs of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: WARNING

W – Weight loss (5% or more of pre-pregnancy weight)

A – Appetite loss

R – Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)

N – Nausea that doesn’t subside

I – Intense vomiting

N – Nutritional deficiencies

G – Giddiness or fainting

Predisposing Factors of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: PREDISPOSE

P – Previous history of HG

R – Reproductive hormone fluctuations

E – Emotional factors

D – Dietary habits

I – Inflammation of the GI tract

S – Stressful lifestyle

P – Psychological factors

O – Obesity

S – Smoking

E – Endocrine changes

Signs & Symptoms of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: SYMPTOMS

S – Severe vomiting

Y – Yellowing of the skin (jaundice, rare)

M – Malnutrition signs

P – Palpitations

T – Trouble with daily activities due to nausea

O – Odor sensitivity, leading to nausea

M – Muscle weakness

S – Salivation, excessive

Characteristic Findings In Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: HYPEREMESIS

H – High ketones in urine

Y – Yellowing skin or eyes (jaundice, rare)

P – Persistent nausea

E – Electrolyte imbalance

R – Reduced blood pressure

E – Elevated liver enzymes

M – Metabolic disturbances

E – Esophageal tears (rare)

S – Significant weight loss

I – Increased heart rate

S – Severe dehydration

Clinical Features of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: CLINICAL

C – Continuous nausea and vomiting

L – Low blood pressure

I – Intolerance to foods and odors

N – Nutritional deficiencies

I – Intravenous hydration requirement

C – Constipation or gastric stasis

A – Anemia

L – Loss of more than 5% of pre-pregnancy body weight

Complications of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: COMPLICATION

C – Central pontine myelinolysis

O – Oesophageal rupture

M – Malnourishment

P – Psychosocial distress

L – Liver enzyme elevation

I – Intravenous catheter complications

C – Coagulopathy

A – Atrophy, muscle

T – Thromboembolic events

I – Ion imbalance (electrolyte imbalance)

O – Osteoporosis (from prolonged bed rest)

N – Neuropathy (peripheral)

Differential Diagnosis of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: DIFFERENT

D – Digestive disorders (like peptic ulcer)

I – Intestinal obstruction

F – Food poisoning

F – Fatty liver of pregnancy

E – Endocrine disorders (like hyperthyroidism)

R – Renal disorders

E – Electrolyte imbalances

N – Neurological conditions

T – Trophoblastic disease (like molar pregnancy)

What Should Be Avoided In Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: AVOID

A – Alcohol consumption

V – Very spicy or fatty foods

O – Overeating; large meals

I – Intense odors and perfumes

D – Dehydration; neglecting fluid intake

Drugs Used To Treat Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: DRUGS

D – Doxylamine (combined with vitamin B6)

R – Rehydration solutions (IV fluids)

U – Unisom (Doxylamine)

G – Ginger (alternative remedy)

S – Steroids (in severe cases)

Drugs To Avoid In Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: RISK

R – Retinoids (like isotretinoin)

I – Ibuprofen and other NSAIDs

S – Sedatives that may increase nausea

K – Known teratogenic drugs

Radiological Features of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: RADIO

R – Rare significant findings

A – Abdominal ultrasound may rule out molar pregnancy

D – Dehydration indicators (in sonograms or blood tests)

I – Imaging generally not indicated unless for differential diagnosis

O – Often normal, unless complications arise

Diagnostic Tests for Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: TEST

T – Thyroid function tests (to exclude hyperthyroidism)

E – Electrolyte panel (for imbalance)

S – Serum liver enzyme tests

T – Urine ketones and specific gravity (for dehydration)

Laboratory Findings In Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Mnemonic: LAB

L – Liver enzymes elevated

A – Anemia (may be present)

B – Blood urea and electrolytes (to check for dehydration and imbalances)