Hepatitis B⚡Mnemonic⚡ : 100% Chance You Won’t Forget !

Causes of Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “BATTY”
  • B – Blood transfusions (unscreened)
  • A – Accidental needle sticks
  • T – Tattooing with unsterilized equipment
  • T – Transmission from mother to baby at birth
  • Y – “Yes” to unprotected sexual contact

Triggers for Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “SHARE”
  • S – Sexual activity, unprotected
  • H – Healthcare exposure
  • A – Acupuncture with unclean needles
  • R – Recreational drug use (intravenous)
  • E – Exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids

Risk Factors For Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “RISKY”
  • R – Residing in high prevalence areas
  • I – Intravenous drug use
  • S – Sexual promiscuity
  • K – Kidney dialysis
  • Y – Young infants born to infected mothers

Warning Signs of Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “ALERT”
  • A – Appetite loss
  • L – Lethargy
  • E – Elevated liver enzymes
  • R – Right upper quadrant pain
  • T – Tea-colored urine

Predisposing Factors of Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “RACE”
  • R – Receiving blood transfusions before 1992
  • A – Asian or African descent
  • C – Chronic kidney disease
  • E – Employment in healthcare

Signs & Symptoms of Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “SICKLY”
  • S – Scleral icterus (yellowing of eyes)
  • I – Itching
  • C – Clay-colored stools
  • K – Knavish fatigue
  • L – Liver enlargement
  • Y – Yellowing of the skin (jaundice)

Characteristic Findings In Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “LIVER”
  • L – LFTs elevation (Liver Function Tests)
  • I – Immunologic markers (HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, etc.)
  • V – Viral DNA presence (HBV DNA)
  • E – Enlarged liver on palpation
  • R – Right upper quadrant tenderness

What Should Be Avoided In Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “AVOID”
  • A – Alcohol consumption
  • V – Vaccination delay (HBV vaccine)
  • O – Over-the-counter hepatotoxic drugs
  • I – Illicit drug use
  • D – Donating blood

Drugs Used To Treat Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “TAMED”
  • T – Tenofovir
  • A – Adefovir
  • M – Myrcludex B
  • E – Entecavir
  • D – Dolutegravir

Drugs To Avoid In Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “PAIN”
  • P – Paracetamol (high doses)
  • A – Alcohol-containing medications
  • I – Immunosuppressive drugs
  • N – NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Radiological Features of Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “RADIO”
  • R – Rough liver texture in ultrasound
  • A – Ascites
  • D – Dilated biliary channels
  • I – Increased liver size
  • O – Obvious portal vein changes

Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “DIAGNOSE”
  • D – DNA of Hepatitis B virus (HBV DNA)
  • I – Immunoelectrophoresis for antibodies
  • A – ALT/AST levels
  • G – Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
  • N – Needle biopsy of liver
  • O – Oral fluids testing
  • S – Serological markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, etc.)
  • E – Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

Laboratory Findings In Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “LABS”
  • L – LFTs abnormal
  • A – Anti-HBc, Anti-HBe, Anti-HBs
  • B – Bilirubin elevated
  • S – Serum albumin levels (decreased in severe cases)
• Contraindications of Hepatitis B Treatment
• Mnemonic: “CONTRA”
  • C – Co-infection with Hepatitis C or D (requires different approach)
  • O – Ongoing substance abuse
  • N – Noncompliance risk
  • T – Tumor presence (liver cancer)
  • R – Renal failure (for certain drugs)
  • A – Allergy to medication components

Indications of Hepatitis B Treatment

• Mnemonic: “INDICATE”
  • I – Increased ALT levels
  • N – Nucleoside analogs efficacy
  • D – DNA viral load high
  • I – Inflammation of liver on biopsy
  • C – Chronic infection
  • A – Age considerations (older individuals)
  • T – Transaminase levels elevated
  • E – Enzyme immunoassay positive

Side effects of Hepatitis B Treatment

• Mnemonic: “SIDE”
  • S – Sleep disturbances (Insomnia)
  • I – Irritation at injection sites
  • D – Diarrhea
  • E – Elevated liver enzymes

Clinical Features of Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “CLINIC”
  • C – Chronic fatigue
  • L – Loss of appetite
  • I – Icterus
  • N – Nausea
  • I – Inflamed liver (hepatitis)
  • C – Clay-colored stool

Complications of Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “COMPLICATE”
  • C – Cirrhosis
  • O – Osteoporosis (in long-standing cases)
  • M – Myocarditis
  • P – Portal hypertension
  • L – Liver failure
  • I – Immunologic disorders
  • C – Chronic liver disease
  • A – Ascites
  • T – Thrombocytopenia
  • E – End-stage liver disease

Differential Diagnosis of Hepatitis B

• Mnemonic: “DIFFER”
  • D – Drug-induced liver injury
  • I – Infectious mononucleosis
  • F – Fatty liver disease (Non-alcoholic)
  • F – Fibrosis of liver
  • E – Ethanol (alcoholic hepatitis)
  • R – Right heart failure (causing liver congestion)