Here are all the mnemonics you ever wanted on Glomerulonephritis. These mnemonics covers all aspects of the disease/health condition
Causes of Glomerulonephritis
Triggers for Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “BIRDS FLY”
- Explanation:
- B – Bacterial infections
- I – Immune system dysfunction
- R – Recent illness
- D – Drugs (certain medications)
- S – Stress (physical)
- F – Foods (allergies or intolerances)
- L – Lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol)
- Y – Yeast infections
Risk Factors For Glomerulonephritis
Warning Signs of Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “SWELL UP”
- Explanation:
- S – Swelling (edema)
- W – Weight gain (from fluid retention)
- E – Elevated blood pressure
- L – Less urine output
- L – Lethargy
- U – Urine color changes (dark, bloody)
- P – Proteinuria
Predisposing Factors of Glomerulonephritis
Signs & Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “URINE BAD”
- Explanation:
- U – Urination changes
- R – Rashes
- I – Inflammation
- N – Nausea
- E – Edema
- B – Blood in urine
- A – Anemia
- D – Decreased kidney function
Characteristic Findings In Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “KIDNEY HARM”
- Explanation:
- K – Kidney enlargement on imaging
- I – Increased creatinine
- D – Decreased GFR
- N – Nephritic syndrome
- E – Elevated urea
- Y – Yield of proteinuria
- H – Hypertension
- A – Anemia
- R – Red cell casts in urine
- M – Microscopic hematuria
What Should Be Avoided In Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “SALT BAN”
- Explanation:
- S – Salt (high sodium diet)
- A – Alcohol
- L – Large protein intake
- T – Tobacco
- B – Blood pressure elevating agents
- A – Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- N – Nephrotoxic drugs
Drugs Used To Treat Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “CARE MEDS”
- Explanation:
- C – Corticosteroids
- A – ACE inhibitors
- R – Rituximab
- E – Endothelin receptor antagonists
- M – Mycophenolate mofetil
- E – Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
- D – Diuretics
- S – Statins
Drugs To Avoid In Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “NSAID HARM”
- Explanation:
- N – NSAIDs
- S – Specific antibiotics (nephrotoxic)
- A – ACE inhibitors (in certain conditions)
- I – Immunosuppressants (if infection is present)
- D – Diuretics (in certain conditions)
- H – Herbal supplements (unknown renal effects)
- A – ARBs (in certain conditions)
- R – Radiographic contrast agents
- M – Medications with high sodium content
Radiological Features of Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “SCAN KIDNEY”
- Explanation:
- S – Size changes in kidneys
- C – Cortical thinning
- A – Anomalies in kidney structure
- N – Nephrocalcinosis
- K – Kidney stone presence
- I – Increased echogenicity
- D – Dilated ureters (if secondary hydronephrosis)
- N – Normal sized kidneys in early disease
- E – Edema in surrounding tissues
- Y – Yielding evidence of chronic damage
Diagnostic Tests for Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “TEST URINE”
- Explanation:
- T – Twenty-four-hour urine collection for protein
- E – Electrolyte levels
- S – Serum creatinine
- T – Thyroid function tests (if indicated)
- U – Urinalysis
- R – Renal biopsy
- I – Imaging tests (Ultrasound, CT, MRI)
- N – Nephrology consultation
- E – ESR and CRP levels
Laboratory Findings In Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “LAB KIDNEY”
- Explanation:
- L – Leukocyturia
- A – Anemia
- B – Blood urea nitrogen increase
- K – Karyomegaly in cells
- I – Immune complex deposition
- D – Decreased complement levels
- N – Nephritic range proteinuria
- E – Elevated ESR/CRP
- Y – Yeast-like cells (if infection present)
Drug interactions of Glomerulonephritis
- Mnemonic: “DRUG MIX”
- Explanation:
- D – Diuretics with ACE inhibitors
- R – Rituximab with other immunosuppressants
- U – Uricosuric agents with aspirin
- G – Glucocorticoids with NSAIDs
- M – Mycophenolate mofetil with antacids
- I – Immunosuppressants with live vaccines
- X – Xanthine oxidase inhibitors with thiazide diuretics
Contraindications of Glomerulonephritis Treatments
- Mnemonic: “AVOID MED”
- Explanation:
- A – ACE inhibitors in renal artery stenosis
- V – Vaccinations (live) during immunosuppressive therapy
- O – Opioids in severe renal impairment
- I – Immunosuppressants in active infections
- D – Diuretics in dehydration
- M – Mycophenolate mofetil in pregnancy
- E – Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in uncontrolled hypertension
- D – Dual blockade of RAAS system
- Clinical Features of Glomerulonephritis
Mnemonic: “HAPPY KID”
- H: Hematuria (blood in urine)
- A: Azotemia (high nitrogen waste products in the blood)
- P: Proteinuria (protein in urine)
- P: Pyuria (pus in urine)
- Y: Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice)
- K: Kidney Pain
- I: Increased blood pressure (hypertension)
- D: Decreased urine output (oliguria)
Complications of Glomerulonephritis
Mnemonic: “CRASHED”
- C: Chronic kidney disease
- R: Renal failure
- A: Anemia
- S: Secondary infections
- H: Hypertensive crisis
- E: Electrolyte imbalances
- D: Diffuse lung damage (as in Goodpasture syndrome)
Differential Diagnosis of Glomerulonephritis
Mnemonic: “PIG NAIL”
- P: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- I: IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)
- G: Goodpasture’s syndrome
- N: Nephrotic vs. nephritic syndrome
- A: Alport syndrome
- I: Infection-related glomerulonephritis
- L: Lupus nephritis (SLE-related)
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