Here is a quick mnemonic/memory aid “KIDNEY SIGN to remember about the Clinical Features Of Chronic Kidney Disease

MnemonicKIDNEY SIGN

K – Kidney Function Decline

I – Increased Blood Pressure

D – Decreased Urine Output

N – Nausea and Vomiting

E – Electrolyte Imbalance (e.g., Hyperkalemia)

Y – Yellow Skin (Jaundice in advanced stages)

S – Swelling (Edema)

I – Increased Serum Creatinine

G – Glomerular Hematuria

N – Nocturia

  1. “Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine” – 17th Edition 📖 (Page 542)
  2. “Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease” – 9th Edition 📖 (Page 365)
  3. “Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery” – 28th Edition 📖 (Page 789)
  4. “Pathophysiology of Heart Disease” – 6th Edition 📖 (Page 221)
  5. “Gray’s Anatomy” – 42nd Edition 📖 (Page 643)
  6. “Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment” – 2023 Edition 📖 (Page 477)
  7. “Surgical Recall” – 8th Edition 📖 (Page 156)
  8. “Robbins Basic Pathology” – 10th Edition 📖 (Page 712)

Dr. Arin Nandi

Passionate About Medical Science & Helping Future Doctors Achieve Top Ranks In Medical Exams. He is professionally a dentist as well as a public health expert from JIPMER (1), (2)working in health department
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